Steps/Methods
Use multi-layer PCBs as much as possible. Compared with double-sided PCBs, the ground plane and power plane, as well as the tightly arranged signal line-ground spacing can reduce the common mode impedance and inductive coupling, making it 1/of the double-sided PCB. 10 to 1/100. Try to put each signal layer close to a power layer or ground layer as much as possible. For high-density PCBs with components on the top and bottom surfaces, short connection lines, and many fills, you can consider using inner layer lines. For double-sided PCBs, tightly interwoven power and ground grids are used. The power line is close to the ground line, and as many connections as possible between the vertical and horizontal lines or the filled area. The grid size on one side is less than or equal to 60mm. If possible, the grid size should be less than 13mm.
Ensure that each circuit is as compact as possible. Put all the connectors aside as much as possible.
Lead the power cord from the center of the card and keep it away from areas that are directly affected by ESD. On all PCB layers below the connector that leads to the outside of the chassis (which is easily hit by ESD), place a wide chassis ground or a polygonal fill ground, and connect them together with vias at a distance of about 13mm.
Place mounting holes on the edge of the card, and connect the top and bottom pads with no solder resist around the mounting holes to the chassis ground.
During PCB assembly, do not apply any solder on the top or bottom pads. Use screws with built-in washers to achieve close contact between the PCB and the metal chassis/shielding layer or the support on the ground plane. Between the chassis ground and circuit ground of each layer, the same "isolation zone" should be set; if possible, keep the separation distance of 0.64mm.
At the top and bottom layers of the card near the mounting holes, connect the chassis ground and the circuit ground with a 1.27mm wide wire every 100mm along the chassis ground wire. Adjacent to these connection points, place pads or mounting holes for mounting between the chassis ground and the circuit ground. These ground connections can be cut with a blade to keep the circuit open, or jumper with magnetic beads/high-frequency capacitors. If the circuit board will not be placed in a metal chassis or shielding device, solder resist should not be applied to the top and bottom chassis ground wires of the circuit board, so that they can be used as discharge electrodes for ESD arcs.
To set a ring ground around the circuit in the following way:
(1) Except for the edge connector and the chassis ground, put a circular ground path around the entire periphery.
(2) Ensure that the annular ground width of all layers is greater than 2.5mm.
(3) Connect the ring grounds with via holes every 13mm.
(4) Connect the ring ground to the common ground of the multi-layer PCB copy board circuit.
(5) For double-sided installations in metal cases or shielding devices, the ring ground should be connected to the common ground of the circuit. For unshielded double-sided circuits, the ring ground should be connected to the chassis ground. Solder resist should not be applied to the ring ground, so that the ring ground can act as an ESD discharge bar. Place at least one at a certain position on the ring ground (all layers) 0.5mm wide gap, so you can avoid forming a large loop. The distance between the signal wiring and the ring ground should not be less than 0.5mm.
